feat: Provisionner automatiquement un nouvel établissement

Lorsqu'un super-admin crée un établissement via l'interface, le système doit automatiquement créer la base tenant, exécuter les migrations, créer le premier utilisateur admin et envoyer l'invitation — le tout de manière asynchrone pour ne pas bloquer la réponse HTTP. Ce mécanisme rend chaque établissement opérationnel dès sa création sans intervention manuelle sur l'infrastructure.
2026-04-08 13:55:41 +02:00
parent bec211ebf0
commit 531548c65f
34 changed files with 1928 additions and 69 deletions
--- a/_bmad-output/implementation-artifacts/sprint-status.yaml
+++ b/_bmad-output/implementation-artifacts/sprint-status.yaml
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ development_status:
  2-12b-optimistic-update-pages-admin: done
  2-13-personnalisation-visuelle-etablissement: done
  2-15-organisation-sections-dashboard-admin: done
-  2-17-provisioning-automatique-etablissements: ready-for-dev  # Tâches post-MVP différées de 2-10
+  2-17-provisioning-automatique-etablissements: in-progress  # Tâches post-MVP différées de 2-10
  epic-2-retrospective: done

  # Epic 3: Import & Onboarding (5 stories)
--- a/backend/composer.json
+++ b/backend/composer.json
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
        "symfony/console": "^8.0",
        "symfony/doctrine-messenger": "^8.0",
        "symfony/dotenv": "^8.0",
+        "symfony/expression-language": "8.0.*",
        "symfony/flex": "^2",
        "symfony/framework-bundle": "^8.0",
        "symfony/html-sanitizer": "8.0.*",
--- a/backend/composer.lock
+++ b/backend/composer.lock
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
        "Read more about it at https://getcomposer.org/doc/01-basic-usage.md#installing-dependencies",
        "This file is @generated automatically"
    ],
-    "content-hash": "92b9472c96a59c314d96372c4094f185",
+    "content-hash": "a4b309e6d9d273339a5154a64a5f7361",
    "packages": [
        {
            "name": "api-platform/core",
@@ -4672,6 +4672,73 @@
            ],
            "time": "2024-09-25T14:21:43+00:00"
        },
+        {
+            "name": "symfony/expression-language",
+            "version": "v8.0.8",
+            "source": {
+                "type": "git",
+                "url": "https://github.com/symfony/expression-language.git",
+                "reference": "b2a5fd3b7331ae10cc0ed75a28d64b25b67d2c7b"
+            },
+            "dist": {
+                "type": "zip",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/symfony/expression-language/zipball/b2a5fd3b7331ae10cc0ed75a28d64b25b67d2c7b",
+                "reference": "b2a5fd3b7331ae10cc0ed75a28d64b25b67d2c7b",
+                "shasum": ""
+            },
+            "require": {
+                "php": ">=8.4",
+                "symfony/cache": "^7.4|^8.0",
+                "symfony/service-contracts": "^2.5|^3"
+            },
+            "type": "library",
+            "autoload": {
+                "psr-4": {
+                    "Symfony\\Component\\ExpressionLanguage\\": ""
+                },
+                "exclude-from-classmap": [
+                    "/Tests/"
+                ]
+            },
+            "notification-url": "https://packagist.org/downloads/",
+            "license": [
+                "MIT"
+            ],
+            "authors": [
+                {
+                    "name": "Fabien Potencier",
+                    "email": "fabien@symfony.com"
+                },
+                {
+                    "name": "Symfony Community",
+                    "homepage": "https://symfony.com/contributors"
+                }
+            ],
+            "description": "Provides an engine that can compile and evaluate expressions",
+            "homepage": "https://symfony.com",
+            "support": {
+                "source": "https://github.com/symfony/expression-language/tree/v8.0.8"
+            },
+            "funding": [
+                {
+                    "url": "https://symfony.com/sponsor",
+                    "type": "custom"
+                },
+                {
+                    "url": "https://github.com/fabpot",
+                    "type": "github"
+                },
+                {
+                    "url": "https://github.com/nicolas-grekas",
+                    "type": "github"
+                },
+                {
+                    "url": "https://tidelift.com/funding/github/packagist/symfony/symfony",
+                    "type": "tidelift"
+                }
+            ],
+            "time": "2026-03-30T15:14:47+00:00"
+        },
        {
            "name": "symfony/filesystem",
            "version": "v8.0.1",
--- a/backend/config/packages/messenger.yaml
+++ b/backend/config/packages/messenger.yaml
@@ -64,3 +64,5 @@ framework:
            # Import élèves/enseignants → async (batch processing, peut être long)
            App\Administration\Application\Command\ImportStudents\ImportStudentsCommand: async
            App\Administration\Application\Command\ImportTeachers\ImportTeachersCommand: async
+            # Provisioning établissement → async (création BDD, migrations, premier admin)
+            App\SuperAdmin\Application\Command\ProvisionEstablishment\ProvisionEstablishmentCommand: async
--- a/backend/config/packages/prod/tenant.yaml
+++ b/backend/config/packages/prod/tenant.yaml
@@ -1,19 +1,14 @@
-# Configuration des tenants en production
+# Tenants en production : résolution dynamique depuis la base establishments
 #
-# En production, les tenants peuvent être configurés de deux façons :
-# 1. Via la variable d'environnement TENANT_CONFIGS (JSON)
-# 2. Via une implémentation DatabaseTenantRegistry (à implémenter)
-#
-# Pour l'instant, on utilise InMemoryTenantRegistry avec configuration env.
-# Si aucun tenant n'est configuré, toutes les requêtes retourneront 404.
-
-parameters:
-    # Format JSON attendu: [{"tenantId":"uuid","subdomain":"ecole","databaseUrl":"postgres://..."}]
-    tenant.prod_configs_json: '%env(default::TENANT_CONFIGS)%'
+# Le DoctrineTenantRegistry interroge la table establishments sur la base master.
+# Les nouveaux établissements sont immédiatement accessibles via leur sous-domaine
+# sans redémarrage de l'application.

 services:
-    App\Shared\Infrastructure\Tenant\TenantRegistry:
-        class: App\Shared\Infrastructure\Tenant\InMemoryTenantRegistry
-        factory: ['@App\Shared\Infrastructure\Tenant\TenantRegistryFactory', 'createFromEnv']
+    App\Shared\Infrastructure\Tenant\DoctrineTenantRegistry:
        arguments:
-            $configsJson: '%tenant.prod_configs_json%'
+            $connection: '@doctrine.dbal.master_connection'
+            $masterDatabaseUrl: '%env(DATABASE_URL)%'
+
+    App\Shared\Infrastructure\Tenant\TenantRegistry:
+        alias: App\Shared\Infrastructure\Tenant\DoctrineTenantRegistry
--- a/backend/config/services.yaml
+++ b/backend/config/services.yaml
@@ -333,6 +333,23 @@ services:
    App\SuperAdmin\Domain\Repository\EstablishmentRepository:
        alias: App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Persistence\Doctrine\DoctrineEstablishmentRepository

+    # Provisioning (Story 2.17 - Provisioning automatique)
+    App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning\TenantDatabaseCreator:
+        arguments:
+            $connection: '@doctrine.dbal.master_connection'
+
+    App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning\TenantMigrator:
+        arguments:
+            $projectDir: '%kernel.project_dir%'
+            $masterDatabaseUrl: '%env(DATABASE_URL)%'
+
+    App\SuperAdmin\Application\Port\TenantProvisioner:
+        alias: App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning\DatabaseTenantProvisioner
+
+    App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning\ProvisionEstablishmentHandler:
+        arguments:
+            $masterDatabaseUrl: '%env(DATABASE_URL)%'
+
    # School Calendar Repository (Story 2.11 - Calendrier scolaire)
    App\Administration\Domain\Model\SchoolCalendar\SchoolCalendarRepository:
        alias: App\Administration\Infrastructure\Persistence\Doctrine\DoctrineSchoolCalendarRepository
--- a/backend/src/Shared/Infrastructure/Tenant/DoctrineTenantRegistry.php
+++ b/backend/src/Shared/Infrastructure/Tenant/DoctrineTenantRegistry.php
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Shared\Infrastructure\Tenant;
+
+use function array_values;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
+use Override;
+
+use function parse_url;
+use function sprintf;
+
+use Symfony\Contracts\Service\ResetInterface;
+
+/**
+ * Resolves tenants dynamically from the establishments table in the master database.
+ *
+ * Unlike InMemoryTenantRegistry (loaded from static config), this implementation
+ * makes newly created establishments immediately accessible via their subdomain
+ * without restarting the application.
+ *
+ * Results are lazy-loaded and cached in memory for the duration of the request.
+ * Implements ResetInterface so long-running workers invalidate the cache between messages.
+ */
+final class DoctrineTenantRegistry implements TenantRegistry, ResetInterface
+{
+    /** @var array<string, TenantConfig>|null Indexed by tenant ID */
+    private ?array $byId = null;
+
+    /** @var array<string, TenantConfig>|null Indexed by subdomain */
+    private ?array $bySubdomain = null;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly Connection $connection,
+        private readonly string $masterDatabaseUrl,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    #[Override]
+    public function getConfig(TenantId $tenantId): TenantConfig
+    {
+        $this->ensureLoaded();
+
+        $key = (string) $tenantId;
+
+        if (!isset($this->byId[$key])) {
+            throw TenantNotFoundException::withId($tenantId);
+        }
+
+        return $this->byId[$key];
+    }
+
+    #[Override]
+    public function getBySubdomain(string $subdomain): TenantConfig
+    {
+        $this->ensureLoaded();
+
+        if (!isset($this->bySubdomain[$subdomain])) {
+            throw TenantNotFoundException::withSubdomain($subdomain);
+        }
+
+        return $this->bySubdomain[$subdomain];
+    }
+
+    #[Override]
+    public function exists(string $subdomain): bool
+    {
+        $this->ensureLoaded();
+
+        return isset($this->bySubdomain[$subdomain]);
+    }
+
+    #[Override]
+    public function getAllConfigs(): array
+    {
+        $this->ensureLoaded();
+
+        /** @var array<string, TenantConfig> $byId */
+        $byId = $this->byId;
+
+        return array_values($byId);
+    }
+
+    #[Override]
+    public function reset(): void
+    {
+        $this->byId = null;
+        $this->bySubdomain = null;
+    }
+
+    private function ensureLoaded(): void
+    {
+        if ($this->byId !== null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->byId = [];
+        $this->bySubdomain = [];
+
+        /** @var array<array{tenant_id: string, subdomain: string, database_name: string}> $rows */
+        $rows = $this->connection->fetchAllAssociative(
+            "SELECT tenant_id, subdomain, database_name FROM establishments WHERE status = 'active'",
+        );
+
+        foreach ($rows as $row) {
+            $config = new TenantConfig(
+                tenantId: TenantId::fromString($row['tenant_id']),
+                subdomain: $row['subdomain'],
+                databaseUrl: $this->buildDatabaseUrl($row['database_name']),
+            );
+
+            $this->byId[$row['tenant_id']] = $config;
+            $this->bySubdomain[$row['subdomain']] = $config;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function buildDatabaseUrl(string $databaseName): string
+    {
+        $parsed = parse_url($this->masterDatabaseUrl);
+
+        $scheme = $parsed['scheme'] ?? 'postgresql';
+        $user = $parsed['user'] ?? '';
+        $pass = isset($parsed['pass']) ? ':' . $parsed['pass'] : '';
+        $host = $parsed['host'] ?? 'localhost';
+        $port = isset($parsed['port']) ? ':' . $parsed['port'] : '';
+        $query = isset($parsed['query']) ? '?' . $parsed['query'] : '';
+
+        return sprintf('%s://%s%s@%s%s/%s%s', $scheme, $user, $pass, $host, $port, $databaseName, $query);
+    }
+}
--- a/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Application/Command/CreateEstablishment/CreateEstablishmentHandler.php
+++ b/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Application/Command/CreateEstablishment/CreateEstablishmentHandler.php
@@ -17,23 +17,18 @@ final readonly class CreateEstablishmentHandler
    ) {
    }

-    public function __invoke(CreateEstablishmentCommand $command): CreateEstablishmentResult
+    public function __invoke(CreateEstablishmentCommand $command): Establishment
    {
        $establishment = Establishment::creer(
            name: $command->name,
            subdomain: $command->subdomain,
+            adminEmail: $command->adminEmail,
            createdBy: SuperAdminId::fromString($command->superAdminId),
            createdAt: $this->clock->now(),
        );

        $this->establishmentRepository->save($establishment);

-        return new CreateEstablishmentResult(
-            establishmentId: (string) $establishment->id,
-            tenantId: (string) $establishment->tenantId,
-            name: $establishment->name,
-            subdomain: $establishment->subdomain,
-            databaseName: $establishment->databaseName,
-        );
+        return $establishment;
    }
 }
--- a/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Application/Command/CreateEstablishment/CreateEstablishmentResult.php
+++ b/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Application/Command/CreateEstablishment/CreateEstablishmentResult.php
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace App\SuperAdmin\Application\Command\CreateEstablishment;
-
-final readonly class CreateEstablishmentResult
-{
-    public function __construct(
-        public string $establishmentId,
-        public string $tenantId,
-        public string $name,
-        public string $subdomain,
-        public string $databaseName,
-    ) {
-    }
-}
--- a/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Application/Command/ProvisionEstablishment/ProvisionEstablishmentCommand.php
+++ b/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Application/Command/ProvisionEstablishment/ProvisionEstablishmentCommand.php
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\SuperAdmin\Application\Command\ProvisionEstablishment;
+
+/**
+ * Triggers async provisioning of a newly created establishment.
+ *
+ * Property names intentionally avoid "tenantId" to prevent the
+ * TenantDatabaseMiddleware from trying to switch to a database
+ * that doesn't exist yet.
+ */
+final readonly class ProvisionEstablishmentCommand
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        public string $establishmentId,
+        public string $establishmentTenantId,
+        public string $databaseName,
+        public string $subdomain,
+        public string $adminEmail,
+        public string $establishmentName,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
--- a/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Application/Port/TenantProvisioner.php
+++ b/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Application/Port/TenantProvisioner.php
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\SuperAdmin\Application\Port;
+
+use RuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a tenant database and runs migrations.
+ */
+interface TenantProvisioner
+{
+    /**
+     * Creates the tenant database and applies the schema.
+     *
+     * @throws RuntimeException if provisioning fails
+     */
+    public function provision(string $databaseName): void;
+}
--- a/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Domain/Event/EtablissementCree.php
+++ b/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Domain/Event/EtablissementCree.php
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ final readonly class EtablissementCree implements DomainEvent
        public TenantId $tenantId,
        public string $name,
        public string $subdomain,
+        public string $adminEmail,
        private DateTimeImmutable $occurredOn,
    ) {
    }
--- a/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Domain/Model/Establishment/Establishment.php
+++ b/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Domain/Model/Establishment/Establishment.php
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ final class Establishment extends AggregateRoot
    public static function creer(
        string $name,
        string $subdomain,
+        string $adminEmail,
        SuperAdminId $createdBy,
        DateTimeImmutable $createdAt,
    ): self {
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ final class Establishment extends AggregateRoot
            name: $name,
            subdomain: $subdomain,
            databaseName: sprintf('classeo_tenant_%s', str_replace('-', '', (string) $tenantId)),
-            status: EstablishmentStatus::ACTIF,
+            status: EstablishmentStatus::PROVISIONING,
            createdAt: $createdAt,
            createdBy: $createdBy,
        );
@@ -59,12 +60,18 @@ final class Establishment extends AggregateRoot
            tenantId: $establishment->tenantId,
            name: $name,
            subdomain: $subdomain,
+            adminEmail: $adminEmail,
            occurredOn: $createdAt,
        ));

        return $establishment;
    }

+    public function activer(): void
+    {
+        $this->status = EstablishmentStatus::ACTIF;
+    }
+
    public function desactiver(DateTimeImmutable $at): void
    {
        if ($this->status !== EstablishmentStatus::ACTIF) {
--- a/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Domain/Model/Establishment/EstablishmentStatus.php
+++ b/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Domain/Model/Establishment/EstablishmentStatus.php
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ namespace App\SuperAdmin\Domain\Model\Establishment;

 enum EstablishmentStatus: string
 {
+    case PROVISIONING = 'provisioning';
    case ACTIF = 'active';
    case INACTIF = 'inactive';
 }
--- a/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Api/Processor/CreateEstablishmentProcessor.php
+++ b/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Api/Processor/CreateEstablishmentProcessor.php
@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@ use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Operation;
 use ApiPlatform\State\ProcessorInterface;
 use App\SuperAdmin\Application\Command\CreateEstablishment\CreateEstablishmentCommand;
 use App\SuperAdmin\Application\Command\CreateEstablishment\CreateEstablishmentHandler;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Application\Command\ProvisionEstablishment\ProvisionEstablishmentCommand;
 use App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Api\Resource\EstablishmentResource;
 use App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Security\SecuritySuperAdmin;
 use Override;
 use Symfony\Bundle\SecurityBundle\Security;
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\MessageBusInterface;

 /**
 * @implements ProcessorInterface<EstablishmentResource, EstablishmentResource>
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@ final readonly class CreateEstablishmentProcessor implements ProcessorInterface
    public function __construct(
        private CreateEstablishmentHandler $handler,
        private Security $security,
+        private MessageBusInterface $commandBus,
    ) {
    }

@@ -33,20 +36,29 @@ final readonly class CreateEstablishmentProcessor implements ProcessorInterface
        /** @var SecuritySuperAdmin $user */
        $user = $this->security->getUser();

-        $result = ($this->handler)(new CreateEstablishmentCommand(
+        $establishment = ($this->handler)(new CreateEstablishmentCommand(
            name: $data->name,
            subdomain: $data->subdomain,
            adminEmail: $data->adminEmail,
            superAdminId: $user->superAdminId(),
        ));

+        $this->commandBus->dispatch(new ProvisionEstablishmentCommand(
+            establishmentId: (string) $establishment->id,
+            establishmentTenantId: (string) $establishment->tenantId,
+            databaseName: $establishment->databaseName,
+            subdomain: $establishment->subdomain,
+            adminEmail: $data->adminEmail,
+            establishmentName: $establishment->name,
+        ));
+
        $resource = new EstablishmentResource();
-        $resource->id = $result->establishmentId;
-        $resource->tenantId = $result->tenantId;
-        $resource->name = $result->name;
-        $resource->subdomain = $result->subdomain;
-        $resource->databaseName = $result->databaseName;
-        $resource->status = 'active';
+        $resource->id = (string) $establishment->id;
+        $resource->tenantId = (string) $establishment->tenantId;
+        $resource->name = $establishment->name;
+        $resource->subdomain = $establishment->subdomain;
+        $resource->databaseName = $establishment->databaseName;
+        $resource->status = $establishment->status->value;

        return $resource;
    }
--- a/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/DatabaseTenantProvisioner.php
+++ b/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/DatabaseTenantProvisioner.php
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning;
+
+use App\SuperAdmin\Application\Port\TenantProvisioner;
+use Override;
+
+/**
+ * Provisions a tenant by creating the database and running migrations.
+ */
+final readonly class DatabaseTenantProvisioner implements TenantProvisioner
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private TenantDatabaseCreator $databaseCreator,
+        private TenantMigrator $migrator,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    #[Override]
+    public function provision(string $databaseName): void
+    {
+        $this->databaseCreator->create($databaseName);
+        $this->migrator->migrate($databaseName);
+    }
+}
--- a/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/ProvisionEstablishmentHandler.php
+++ b/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/ProvisionEstablishmentHandler.php
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning;
+
+use App\Administration\Application\Command\InviteUser\InviteUserCommand;
+use App\Administration\Application\Command\InviteUser\InviteUserHandler;
+use App\Administration\Domain\Exception\EmailDejaUtiliseeException;
+use App\Administration\Domain\Model\User\Email;
+use App\Administration\Domain\Model\User\Role;
+use App\Administration\Domain\Model\User\User;
+use App\Administration\Domain\Repository\UserRepository;
+use App\Shared\Domain\Clock;
+use App\Shared\Domain\DomainEvent;
+use App\Shared\Domain\Tenant\TenantId;
+use App\Shared\Infrastructure\Tenant\TenantDatabaseSwitcher;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Application\Command\ProvisionEstablishment\ProvisionEstablishmentCommand;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Application\Port\TenantProvisioner;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Domain\Model\Establishment\EstablishmentId;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Domain\Repository\EstablishmentRepository;
+
+use function parse_url;
+
+use Psr\Log\LoggerInterface;
+
+use function sprintf;
+
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Attribute\AsMessageHandler;
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\MessageBusInterface;
+use Throwable;
+
+/**
+ * Handles the complete provisioning of a new establishment:
+ * 1. Creates the tenant database and runs migrations
+ * 2. Creates the first admin user (idempotent)
+ * 3. Activates the establishment
+ * 4. Dispatches invitation events (after activation so the tenant is resolvable)
+ */
+#[AsMessageHandler(bus: 'command.bus')]
+final readonly class ProvisionEstablishmentHandler
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private TenantProvisioner $tenantProvisioner,
+        private InviteUserHandler $inviteUserHandler,
+        private UserRepository $userRepository,
+        private Clock $clock,
+        private TenantDatabaseSwitcher $databaseSwitcher,
+        private EstablishmentRepository $establishmentRepository,
+        private MessageBusInterface $eventBus,
+        private LoggerInterface $logger,
+        private string $masterDatabaseUrl,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    public function __invoke(ProvisionEstablishmentCommand $command): void
+    {
+        $this->logger->info('Starting establishment provisioning.', [
+            'establishment' => $command->establishmentId,
+            'subdomain' => $command->subdomain,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->tenantProvisioner->provision($command->databaseName);
+
+        // Create admin user on the tenant database, collect events without dispatching
+        $pendingEvents = $this->createFirstAdminOnTenantDb($command);
+
+        // Activate establishment on master DB so the tenant becomes resolvable
+        $this->activateEstablishment($command->establishmentId);
+
+        // Now dispatch events — the tenant is active and resolvable by the middleware
+        foreach ($pendingEvents as $event) {
+            $this->eventBus->dispatch($event);
+        }
+
+        $this->logger->info('Establishment provisioning completed.', [
+            'establishment' => $command->establishmentId,
+            'subdomain' => $command->subdomain,
+            'adminEmail' => $command->adminEmail,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return DomainEvent[]
+     */
+    private function createFirstAdminOnTenantDb(ProvisionEstablishmentCommand $command): array
+    {
+        $tenantDatabaseUrl = $this->buildTenantDatabaseUrl($command->databaseName);
+        $this->databaseSwitcher->useTenantDatabase($tenantDatabaseUrl);
+
+        try {
+            return $this->createFirstAdmin($command);
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $this->restoreDefaultDatabase();
+
+            throw $e;
+        } finally {
+            $this->restoreDefaultDatabase();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return DomainEvent[]
+     */
+    private function createFirstAdmin(ProvisionEstablishmentCommand $command): array
+    {
+        try {
+            $user = ($this->inviteUserHandler)(new InviteUserCommand(
+                tenantId: $command->establishmentTenantId,
+                schoolName: $command->establishmentName,
+                email: $command->adminEmail,
+                role: Role::ADMIN->value,
+                firstName: 'Administrateur',
+                lastName: $command->establishmentName,
+            ));
+
+            return $user->pullDomainEvents();
+        } catch (EmailDejaUtiliseeException) {
+            $this->logger->info('Admin already exists, re-sending invitation.', [
+                'email' => $command->adminEmail,
+            ]);
+
+            return $this->resendInvitation($command);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return DomainEvent[]
+     */
+    private function resendInvitation(ProvisionEstablishmentCommand $command): array
+    {
+        $existingUser = $this->userRepository->findByEmail(
+            new Email($command->adminEmail),
+            TenantId::fromString($command->establishmentTenantId),
+        );
+
+        if ($existingUser === null) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        $existingUser->renvoyerInvitation($this->clock->now());
+        $this->userRepository->save($existingUser);
+
+        return $existingUser->pullDomainEvents();
+    }
+
+    private function activateEstablishment(string $establishmentId): void
+    {
+        $establishment = $this->establishmentRepository->get(
+            EstablishmentId::fromString($establishmentId),
+        );
+        $establishment->activer();
+        $this->establishmentRepository->save($establishment);
+    }
+
+    private function restoreDefaultDatabase(): void
+    {
+        try {
+            $this->databaseSwitcher->useDefaultDatabase();
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $this->logger->error('Failed to restore default database connection.', [
+                'error' => $e->getMessage(),
+            ]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function buildTenantDatabaseUrl(string $databaseName): string
+    {
+        $parsed = parse_url($this->masterDatabaseUrl);
+
+        $scheme = $parsed['scheme'] ?? 'postgresql';
+        $user = $parsed['user'] ?? '';
+        $pass = isset($parsed['pass']) ? ':' . $parsed['pass'] : '';
+        $host = $parsed['host'] ?? 'localhost';
+        $port = isset($parsed['port']) ? ':' . $parsed['port'] : '';
+        $query = isset($parsed['query']) ? '?' . $parsed['query'] : '';
+
+        return sprintf('%s://%s%s@%s%s/%s%s', $scheme, $user, $pass, $host, $port, $databaseName, $query);
+    }
+}
--- a/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/TenantDatabaseCreator.php
+++ b/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/TenantDatabaseCreator.php
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
+
+use function preg_match;
+
+use Psr\Log\LoggerInterface;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+use function sprintf;
+use function str_replace;
+
+use Throwable;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a PostgreSQL database for a new tenant.
+ *
+ * Extracted from the tenant:database:create console command
+ * to be usable programmatically during provisioning.
+ */
+final readonly class TenantDatabaseCreator
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private Connection $connection,
+        private LoggerInterface $logger,
+        private string $databaseUser = 'classeo',
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws RuntimeException if database name is invalid or creation fails
+     */
+    public function create(string $databaseName): void
+    {
+        if (!preg_match('/^classeo_tenant_[a-z0-9_]+$/', $databaseName)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(sprintf('Invalid tenant database name: "%s"', $databaseName));
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $exists = $this->connection->fetchOne(
+                'SELECT 1 FROM pg_database WHERE datname = :name',
+                ['name' => $databaseName],
+            );
+
+            if ($exists !== false) {
+                $this->logger->info('Tenant database already exists, skipping creation.', [
+                    'database' => $databaseName,
+                ]);
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            $this->connection->executeStatement(sprintf(
+                "CREATE DATABASE %s WITH OWNER = %s ENCODING = 'UTF8' LC_COLLATE = 'en_US.utf8' LC_CTYPE = 'en_US.utf8'",
+                $this->quoteIdentifier($databaseName),
+                $this->quoteIdentifier($this->databaseUser),
+            ));
+
+            $this->logger->info('Tenant database created.', ['database' => $databaseName]);
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                sprintf('Failed to create tenant database "%s": %s', $databaseName, $e->getMessage()),
+                previous: $e,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function quoteIdentifier(string $identifier): string
+    {
+        return '"' . str_replace('"', '""', $identifier) . '"';
+    }
+}
--- a/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/TenantMigrator.php
+++ b/backend/src/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/TenantMigrator.php
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning;
+
+use function getenv;
+use function parse_url;
+
+use Psr\Log\LoggerInterface;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+use function sprintf;
+
+use Symfony\Component\Process\Process;
+
+/**
+ * Runs Doctrine migrations for a tenant database.
+ *
+ * Spawns a subprocess with DATABASE_URL pointing to the tenant database,
+ * so Doctrine connects to the correct database before the kernel boots.
+ */
+final readonly class TenantMigrator
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private string $projectDir,
+        private string $masterDatabaseUrl,
+        private LoggerInterface $logger,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws RuntimeException if migration fails
+     */
+    public function migrate(string $databaseName): void
+    {
+        $databaseUrl = $this->buildDatabaseUrl($databaseName);
+
+        $process = new Process(
+            command: ['php', 'bin/console', 'doctrine:migrations:migrate', '--no-interaction'],
+            cwd: $this->projectDir,
+            env: [
+                ...getenv(),
+                'DATABASE_URL' => $databaseUrl,
+            ],
+            timeout: 300,
+        );
+
+        $this->logger->info('Running migrations for tenant database.', ['database' => $databaseName]);
+
+        $process->run();
+
+        if (!$process->isSuccessful()) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(sprintf(
+                'Migration failed for tenant database "%s": %s',
+                $databaseName,
+                $process->getErrorOutput(),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        $this->logger->info('Migrations completed for tenant database.', ['database' => $databaseName]);
+    }
+
+    private function buildDatabaseUrl(string $databaseName): string
+    {
+        $parsed = parse_url($this->masterDatabaseUrl);
+
+        $scheme = $parsed['scheme'] ?? 'postgresql';
+        $user = $parsed['user'] ?? '';
+        $pass = isset($parsed['pass']) ? ':' . $parsed['pass'] : '';
+        $host = $parsed['host'] ?? 'localhost';
+        $port = isset($parsed['port']) ? ':' . $parsed['port'] : '';
+
+        $query = isset($parsed['query']) ? '?' . $parsed['query'] : '';
+
+        return sprintf('%s://%s%s@%s%s/%s%s', $scheme, $user, $pass, $host, $port, $databaseName, $query);
+    }
+}
--- a/backend/tests/Functional/Shared/Infrastructure/Audit/AuditTrailFunctionalTest.php
+++ b/backend/tests/Functional/Shared/Infrastructure/Audit/AuditTrailFunctionalTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Tests\Functional\Shared\Infrastructure\Audit;
+
+use ApiPlatform\Symfony\Bundle\Test\ApiTestCase;
+use App\Shared\Application\Port\AuditLogger;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
+
+use const JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR;
+
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
+use Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid;
+
+/**
+ * [P1] Functional tests for audit trail infrastructure.
+ *
+ * Verifies that the AuditLogger writes to the real audit_log table
+ * and that entries contain correct metadata.
+ *
+ * @see NFR-S7: Audit trail immutable (qui, quoi, quand)
+ * @see FR90: Tracage actions sensibles
+ */
+final class AuditTrailFunctionalTest extends ApiTestCase
+{
+    protected static ?bool $alwaysBootKernel = true;
+
+    private Connection $connection;
+    private AuditLogger $auditLogger;
+
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        static::bootKernel();
+        $container = static::getContainer();
+
+        /* @var Connection $connection */
+        $this->connection = $container->get(Connection::class);
+
+        /* @var AuditLogger $auditLogger */
+        $this->auditLogger = $container->get(AuditLogger::class);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function logAuthenticationWritesEntryToAuditLogTable(): void
+    {
+        $userId = Uuid::uuid4();
+
+        $this->auditLogger->logAuthentication(
+            eventType: 'ConnexionReussie',
+            userId: $userId,
+            payload: [
+                'email_hash' => hash('sha256', 'test@example.com'),
+                'result' => 'success',
+                'method' => 'password',
+            ],
+        );
+
+        $entry = $this->connection->fetchAssociative(
+            'SELECT * FROM audit_log WHERE aggregate_id = ? AND event_type = ? ORDER BY occurred_at DESC LIMIT 1',
+            [$userId->toString(), 'ConnexionReussie'],
+        );
+
+        self::assertNotFalse($entry, 'Audit log entry should exist after logAuthentication');
+        self::assertSame('User', $entry['aggregate_type']);
+        self::assertSame($userId->toString(), $entry['aggregate_id']);
+        self::assertSame('ConnexionReussie', $entry['event_type']);
+
+        $payload = json_decode($entry['payload'], true, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
+        self::assertSame('success', $payload['result']);
+        self::assertSame('password', $payload['method']);
+        self::assertArrayHasKey('email_hash', $payload);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function logAuthenticationIncludesMetadataWithTimestamp(): void
+    {
+        $userId = Uuid::uuid4();
+
+        $this->auditLogger->logAuthentication(
+            eventType: 'ConnexionReussie',
+            userId: $userId,
+            payload: ['result' => 'success'],
+        );
+
+        $entry = $this->connection->fetchAssociative(
+            'SELECT * FROM audit_log WHERE aggregate_id = ? ORDER BY occurred_at DESC LIMIT 1',
+            [$userId->toString()],
+        );
+
+        self::assertNotFalse($entry);
+        self::assertNotEmpty($entry['occurred_at'], 'Audit entry must have a timestamp');
+
+        $metadata = json_decode($entry['metadata'], true, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
+        self::assertIsArray($metadata);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function logFailedAuthenticationWritesWithNullUserId(): void
+    {
+        $this->auditLogger->logAuthentication(
+            eventType: 'ConnexionEchouee',
+            userId: null,
+            payload: [
+                'email_hash' => hash('sha256', 'unknown@example.com'),
+                'result' => 'failure',
+                'reason' => 'invalid_credentials',
+            ],
+        );
+
+        $entry = $this->connection->fetchAssociative(
+            "SELECT * FROM audit_log WHERE event_type = 'ConnexionEchouee' ORDER BY occurred_at DESC LIMIT 1",
+        );
+
+        self::assertNotFalse($entry, 'Failed login audit entry should exist');
+        self::assertNull($entry['aggregate_id'], 'Failed login should have null user ID');
+        self::assertSame('User', $entry['aggregate_type']);
+
+        $payload = json_decode($entry['payload'], true, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
+        self::assertSame('failure', $payload['result']);
+        self::assertSame('invalid_credentials', $payload['reason']);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function logDataChangeWritesOldAndNewValues(): void
+    {
+        $aggregateId = Uuid::uuid4();
+
+        $this->auditLogger->logDataChange(
+            aggregateType: 'Grade',
+            aggregateId: $aggregateId,
+            eventType: 'GradeModified',
+            oldValues: ['value' => 14.0],
+            newValues: ['value' => 16.0],
+            reason: 'Correction erreur de saisie',
+        );
+
+        $entry = $this->connection->fetchAssociative(
+            'SELECT * FROM audit_log WHERE aggregate_id = ? AND event_type = ? ORDER BY occurred_at DESC LIMIT 1',
+            [$aggregateId->toString(), 'GradeModified'],
+        );
+
+        self::assertNotFalse($entry);
+        self::assertSame('Grade', $entry['aggregate_type']);
+
+        $payload = json_decode($entry['payload'], true, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
+        self::assertSame(['value' => 14.0], $payload['old_values']);
+        self::assertSame(['value' => 16.0], $payload['new_values']);
+        self::assertSame('Correction erreur de saisie', $payload['reason']);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function auditLogEntriesAreAppendOnly(): void
+    {
+        $userId = Uuid::uuid4();
+
+        $this->auditLogger->logAuthentication(
+            eventType: 'ConnexionReussie',
+            userId: $userId,
+            payload: ['result' => 'success'],
+        );
+
+        $countBefore = (int) $this->connection->fetchOne(
+            'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM audit_log WHERE aggregate_id = ?',
+            [$userId->toString()],
+        );
+
+        self::assertSame(1, $countBefore);
+
+        // Log a second event for the same user
+        $this->auditLogger->logAuthentication(
+            eventType: 'ConnexionReussie',
+            userId: $userId,
+            payload: ['result' => 'success'],
+        );
+
+        $countAfter = (int) $this->connection->fetchOne(
+            'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM audit_log WHERE aggregate_id = ?',
+            [$userId->toString()],
+        );
+
+        // Both entries should exist (append-only, no overwrite)
+        self::assertSame(2, $countAfter, 'Audit log must be append-only — both entries should exist');
+    }
+}
--- a/backend/tests/Unit/Shared/Infrastructure/Tenant/DoctrineTenantRegistryTest.php
+++ b/backend/tests/Unit/Shared/Infrastructure/Tenant/DoctrineTenantRegistryTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Tests\Unit\Shared\Infrastructure\Tenant;
+
+use App\Shared\Infrastructure\Tenant\DoctrineTenantRegistry;
+use App\Shared\Infrastructure\Tenant\TenantId;
+use App\Shared\Infrastructure\Tenant\TenantNotFoundException;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\CoversClass;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+#[CoversClass(DoctrineTenantRegistry::class)]
+final class DoctrineTenantRegistryTest extends TestCase
+{
+    private const string MASTER_URL = 'postgresql://classeo:secret@db:5432/classeo_master';
+    private const string TENANT_ID = 'a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7890-abcd-ef1234567890';
+    private const string SUBDOMAIN = 'ecole-alpha';
+    private const string DB_NAME = 'classeo_tenant_a1b2c3d4e5f67890abcdef1234567890';
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itResolvesConfigBySubdomain(): void
+    {
+        $registry = $this->registryWith([
+            ['tenant_id' => self::TENANT_ID, 'subdomain' => self::SUBDOMAIN, 'database_name' => self::DB_NAME],
+        ]);
+
+        $config = $registry->getBySubdomain(self::SUBDOMAIN);
+
+        self::assertSame(self::SUBDOMAIN, $config->subdomain);
+        self::assertSame(self::TENANT_ID, (string) $config->tenantId);
+        self::assertSame('postgresql://classeo:secret@db:5432/' . self::DB_NAME, $config->databaseUrl);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itResolvesConfigByTenantId(): void
+    {
+        $registry = $this->registryWith([
+            ['tenant_id' => self::TENANT_ID, 'subdomain' => self::SUBDOMAIN, 'database_name' => self::DB_NAME],
+        ]);
+
+        $config = $registry->getConfig(TenantId::fromString(self::TENANT_ID));
+
+        self::assertSame(self::SUBDOMAIN, $config->subdomain);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itThrowsForUnknownSubdomain(): void
+    {
+        $registry = $this->registryWith([]);
+
+        $this->expectException(TenantNotFoundException::class);
+        $registry->getBySubdomain('inexistant');
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itThrowsForUnknownTenantId(): void
+    {
+        $registry = $this->registryWith([]);
+
+        $this->expectException(TenantNotFoundException::class);
+        $registry->getConfig(TenantId::fromString(self::TENANT_ID));
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itChecksExistence(): void
+    {
+        $registry = $this->registryWith([
+            ['tenant_id' => self::TENANT_ID, 'subdomain' => self::SUBDOMAIN, 'database_name' => self::DB_NAME],
+        ]);
+
+        self::assertTrue($registry->exists(self::SUBDOMAIN));
+        self::assertFalse($registry->exists('inexistant'));
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itReturnsAllConfigs(): void
+    {
+        $registry = $this->registryWith([
+            ['tenant_id' => self::TENANT_ID, 'subdomain' => self::SUBDOMAIN, 'database_name' => self::DB_NAME],
+            ['tenant_id' => 'b2c3d4e5-f6a7-8901-bcde-f12345678901', 'subdomain' => 'ecole-beta', 'database_name' => 'classeo_tenant_beta'],
+        ]);
+
+        $configs = $registry->getAllConfigs();
+
+        self::assertCount(2, $configs);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itQueriesDatabaseOnlyOnce(): void
+    {
+        $connection = $this->createMock(Connection::class);
+        $connection->expects(self::once())
+            ->method('fetchAllAssociative')
+            ->willReturn([
+                ['tenant_id' => self::TENANT_ID, 'subdomain' => self::SUBDOMAIN, 'database_name' => self::DB_NAME],
+            ]);
+
+        $registry = new DoctrineTenantRegistry($connection, self::MASTER_URL);
+
+        $registry->getBySubdomain(self::SUBDOMAIN);
+        $registry->getConfig(TenantId::fromString(self::TENANT_ID));
+        $registry->exists(self::SUBDOMAIN);
+        $registry->getAllConfigs();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<array{tenant_id: string, subdomain: string, database_name: string}> $rows
+     */
+    private function registryWith(array $rows): DoctrineTenantRegistry
+    {
+        $connection = $this->createMock(Connection::class);
+        $connection->method('fetchAllAssociative')->willReturn($rows);
+
+        return new DoctrineTenantRegistry($connection, self::MASTER_URL);
+    }
+}
--- a/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Application/Command/CreateEstablishment/CreateEstablishmentHandlerTest.php
+++ b/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Application/Command/CreateEstablishment/CreateEstablishmentHandlerTest.php
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ final class CreateEstablishmentHandlerTest extends TestCase
    }

    #[Test]
-    public function createsEstablishmentAndReturnsResult(): void
+    public function createsEstablishmentAndReturnsIt(): void
    {
        $command = new CreateEstablishmentCommand(
            name: 'École Alpha',
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ final class CreateEstablishmentHandlerTest extends TestCase
            superAdminId: self::SUPER_ADMIN_ID,
        );

-        $result = ($this->handler)($command);
+        $establishment = ($this->handler)($command);

-        self::assertNotEmpty($result->establishmentId);
-        self::assertNotEmpty($result->tenantId);
-        self::assertSame('École Alpha', $result->name);
-        self::assertSame('ecole-alpha', $result->subdomain);
-        self::assertStringStartsWith('classeo_tenant_', $result->databaseName);
+        self::assertNotEmpty((string) $establishment->id);
+        self::assertNotEmpty((string) $establishment->tenantId);
+        self::assertSame('École Alpha', $establishment->name);
+        self::assertSame('ecole-alpha', $establishment->subdomain);
+        self::assertStringStartsWith('classeo_tenant_', $establishment->databaseName);
    }

    #[Test]
@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ final class CreateEstablishmentHandlerTest extends TestCase
            superAdminId: self::SUPER_ADMIN_ID,
        );

-        $result = ($this->handler)($command);
+        $establishment = ($this->handler)($command);

        $establishments = $this->repository->findAll();
        self::assertCount(1, $establishments);
-        self::assertSame($result->establishmentId, (string) $establishments[0]->id);
+        self::assertSame((string) $establishment->id, (string) $establishments[0]->id);
    }
 }
--- a/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Application/Query/GetEstablishments/GetEstablishmentsHandlerTest.php
+++ b/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Application/Query/GetEstablishments/GetEstablishmentsHandlerTest.php
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ final class GetEstablishmentsHandlerTest extends TestCase
        $this->repository->save(Establishment::creer(
            name: 'École Alpha',
            subdomain: 'ecole-alpha',
+            adminEmail: 'admin@ecole-alpha.fr',
            createdBy: SuperAdminId::fromString(self::SUPER_ADMIN_ID),
            createdAt: new DateTimeImmutable('2026-02-16 10:00:00'),
        ));
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ final class GetEstablishmentsHandlerTest extends TestCase
        $this->repository->save(Establishment::creer(
            name: 'École Beta',
            subdomain: 'ecole-beta',
+            adminEmail: 'admin@ecole-beta.fr',
            createdBy: SuperAdminId::fromString(self::SUPER_ADMIN_ID),
            createdAt: new DateTimeImmutable('2026-02-16 11:00:00'),
        ));
@@ -56,6 +58,6 @@ final class GetEstablishmentsHandlerTest extends TestCase
        self::assertCount(2, $result);
        self::assertSame('École Alpha', $result[0]->name);
        self::assertSame('ecole-alpha', $result[0]->subdomain);
-        self::assertSame('active', $result[0]->status);
+        self::assertSame('provisioning', $result[0]->status);
    }
 }
--- a/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Domain/Model/Establishment/EstablishmentTest.php
+++ b/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Domain/Model/Establishment/EstablishmentTest.php
@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ final class EstablishmentTest extends TestCase
    private const string SUBDOMAIN = 'ecole-alpha';

    #[Test]
-    public function creerCreatesActiveEstablishment(): void
+    public function creerCreatesProvisioningEstablishment(): void
    {
        $establishment = $this->createEstablishment();

-        self::assertSame(EstablishmentStatus::ACTIF, $establishment->status);
+        self::assertSame(EstablishmentStatus::PROVISIONING, $establishment->status);
        self::assertSame(self::ESTABLISHMENT_NAME, $establishment->name);
        self::assertSame(self::SUBDOMAIN, $establishment->subdomain);
        self::assertNull($establishment->lastActivityAt);
@@ -59,10 +59,21 @@ final class EstablishmentTest extends TestCase
        self::assertStringStartsWith('classeo_tenant_', $establishment->databaseName);
    }

+    #[Test]
+    public function activerChangesStatusToActif(): void
+    {
+        $establishment = $this->createEstablishment();
+
+        self::assertSame(EstablishmentStatus::PROVISIONING, $establishment->status);
+        $establishment->activer();
+        self::assertSame(EstablishmentStatus::ACTIF, $establishment->status);
+    }
+
    #[Test]
    public function desactiverChangesStatusToInactif(): void
    {
        $establishment = $this->createEstablishment();
+        $establishment->activer();

        $establishment->desactiver(new DateTimeImmutable('2026-02-16 12:00:00'));

@@ -73,6 +84,7 @@ final class EstablishmentTest extends TestCase
    public function desactiverRecordsEtablissementDesactiveEvent(): void
    {
        $establishment = $this->createEstablishment();
+        $establishment->activer();
        $establishment->pullDomainEvents(); // Clear creation event

        $establishment->desactiver(new DateTimeImmutable('2026-02-16 12:00:00'));
@@ -86,6 +98,7 @@ final class EstablishmentTest extends TestCase
    public function desactiverThrowsWhenAlreadyInactive(): void
    {
        $establishment = $this->createEstablishment();
+        $establishment->activer();
        $establishment->desactiver(new DateTimeImmutable('2026-02-16 12:00:00'));

        $this->expectException(EstablishmentDejaInactifException::class);
@@ -141,6 +154,7 @@ final class EstablishmentTest extends TestCase
        return Establishment::creer(
            name: self::ESTABLISHMENT_NAME,
            subdomain: self::SUBDOMAIN,
+            adminEmail: 'admin@ecole-alpha.fr',
            createdBy: SuperAdminId::fromString(self::SUPER_ADMIN_ID),
            createdAt: new DateTimeImmutable('2026-02-16 10:00:00'),
        );
--- a/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Api/Processor/CreateEstablishmentProcessorTest.php
+++ b/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Api/Processor/CreateEstablishmentProcessorTest.php
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ namespace App\Tests\Unit\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Api\Processor;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Post;
 use App\Shared\Domain\Clock;
 use App\SuperAdmin\Application\Command\CreateEstablishment\CreateEstablishmentHandler;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Application\Command\ProvisionEstablishment\ProvisionEstablishmentCommand;
 use App\SuperAdmin\Domain\Model\SuperAdmin\SuperAdminId;
 use App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Api\Processor\CreateEstablishmentProcessor;
 use App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Api\Resource\EstablishmentResource;
@@ -16,13 +17,15 @@ use DateTimeImmutable;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 use Symfony\Bundle\SecurityBundle\Security;
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Envelope;
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\MessageBusInterface;

 final class CreateEstablishmentProcessorTest extends TestCase
 {
    private const string SUPER_ADMIN_ID = '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440001';

    #[Test]
-    public function processCreatesEstablishmentAndReturnsResource(): void
+    public function processCreatesEstablishmentAndDispatchesProvisioning(): void
    {
        $repository = new InMemoryEstablishmentRepository();
        $clock = new class implements Clock {
@@ -42,7 +45,16 @@ final class CreateEstablishmentProcessorTest extends TestCase
        $security = $this->createMock(Security::class);
        $security->method('getUser')->willReturn($securityUser);

-        $processor = new CreateEstablishmentProcessor($handler, $security);
+        $dispatched = [];
+        $commandBus = $this->createMock(MessageBusInterface::class);
+        $commandBus->method('dispatch')
+            ->willReturnCallback(static function (object $message) use (&$dispatched): Envelope {
+                $dispatched[] = $message;
+
+                return new Envelope($message);
+            });
+
+        $processor = new CreateEstablishmentProcessor($handler, $security, $commandBus);

        $input = new EstablishmentResource();
        $input->name = 'École Gamma';
@@ -55,6 +67,12 @@ final class CreateEstablishmentProcessorTest extends TestCase
        self::assertNotNull($result->tenantId);
        self::assertSame('École Gamma', $result->name);
        self::assertSame('ecole-gamma', $result->subdomain);
-        self::assertSame('active', $result->status);
+        self::assertSame('provisioning', $result->status);
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $dispatched);
+        self::assertInstanceOf(ProvisionEstablishmentCommand::class, $dispatched[0]);
+        self::assertSame('admin@ecole-gamma.fr', $dispatched[0]->adminEmail);
+        self::assertSame('ecole-gamma', $dispatched[0]->subdomain);
+        self::assertSame('École Gamma', $dispatched[0]->establishmentName);
    }
 }
--- a/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Api/Provider/EstablishmentCollectionProviderTest.php
+++ b/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Api/Provider/EstablishmentCollectionProviderTest.php
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ final class EstablishmentCollectionProviderTest extends TestCase
        $repository->save(Establishment::creer(
            name: 'École Alpha',
            subdomain: 'ecole-alpha',
+            adminEmail: 'admin@ecole-alpha.fr',
            createdBy: SuperAdminId::fromString(self::SUPER_ADMIN_ID),
            createdAt: new DateTimeImmutable('2026-02-16 10:00:00'),
        ));
@@ -49,6 +50,6 @@ final class EstablishmentCollectionProviderTest extends TestCase
        self::assertCount(1, $result);
        self::assertSame('École Alpha', $result[0]->name);
        self::assertSame('ecole-alpha', $result[0]->subdomain);
-        self::assertSame('active', $result[0]->status);
+        self::assertSame('provisioning', $result[0]->status);
    }
 }
--- a/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/DatabaseTenantProvisionerTest.php
+++ b/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/DatabaseTenantProvisionerTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Tests\Unit\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning;
+
+use App\SuperAdmin\Application\Port\TenantProvisioner;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning\DatabaseTenantProvisioner;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning\TenantDatabaseCreator;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning\TenantMigrator;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use Psr\Log\NullLogger;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+final class DatabaseTenantProvisionerTest extends TestCase
+{
+    #[Test]
+    public function itCallsCreatorThenMigratorInOrder(): void
+    {
+        $steps = [];
+
+        $connection = $this->createMock(Connection::class);
+        $connection->method('fetchOne')->willReturn(false);
+        $connection->method('executeStatement')->willReturnCallback(
+            static function () use (&$steps): int {
+                $steps[] = 'create';
+
+                return 1;
+            },
+        );
+
+        $creator = new TenantDatabaseCreator($connection, new NullLogger());
+
+        // TenantMigrator is final — we wrap via the TenantProvisioner interface
+        // to verify the creator is called. Migration subprocess cannot be tested unitarily.
+        $provisioner = new class($creator, $steps) implements TenantProvisioner {
+            /** @param string[] $steps */
+            public function __construct(
+                private readonly TenantDatabaseCreator $creator,
+                private array &$steps,
+            ) {
+            }
+
+            public function provision(string $databaseName): void
+            {
+                $this->creator->create($databaseName);
+                $this->steps[] = 'migrate';
+            }
+        };
+
+        $provisioner->provision('classeo_tenant_test');
+
+        self::assertSame(['create', 'migrate'], $steps);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itPropagatesCreationFailure(): void
+    {
+        $connection = $this->createMock(Connection::class);
+        $connection->method('fetchOne')->willThrowException(new RuntimeException('Connection refused'));
+
+        $creator = new TenantDatabaseCreator($connection, new NullLogger());
+        $migrator = new TenantMigrator('/tmp', 'postgresql://u:p@h/db', new NullLogger());
+
+        $provisioner = new DatabaseTenantProvisioner($creator, $migrator);
+
+        $this->expectException(RuntimeException::class);
+        $provisioner->provision('classeo_tenant_test');
+    }
+}
--- a/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/ProvisionEstablishmentHandlerTest.php
+++ b/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/ProvisionEstablishmentHandlerTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Tests\Unit\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning;
+
+use App\Administration\Application\Command\InviteUser\InviteUserHandler;
+use App\Administration\Domain\Event\InvitationRenvoyee;
+use App\Administration\Domain\Event\UtilisateurInvite;
+use App\Administration\Infrastructure\Persistence\InMemory\InMemoryUserRepository;
+use App\Shared\Domain\Clock;
+use App\Shared\Domain\Tenant\TenantId;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Application\Command\ProvisionEstablishment\ProvisionEstablishmentCommand;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Application\Port\TenantProvisioner;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Domain\Model\Establishment\Establishment;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Domain\Model\Establishment\EstablishmentId;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Domain\Model\Establishment\EstablishmentStatus;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Domain\Model\SuperAdmin\SuperAdminId;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Persistence\InMemory\InMemoryEstablishmentRepository;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning\ProvisionEstablishmentHandler;
+use DateTimeImmutable;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use Psr\Log\NullLogger;
+use RuntimeException;
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Envelope;
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\MessageBusInterface;
+
+final class ProvisionEstablishmentHandlerTest extends TestCase
+{
+    private const string MASTER_URL = 'postgresql://classeo:secret@db:5432/classeo_master?serverVersion=18';
+    private const string ESTABLISHMENT_ID = '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440001';
+    private const string TENANT_ID = 'a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7890-abcd-ef1234567890';
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itProvisionsTenantDatabase(): void
+    {
+        $provisioner = $this->createMock(TenantProvisioner::class);
+        $provisioner->expects(self::once())
+            ->method('provision')
+            ->with('classeo_tenant_abc123');
+
+        $handler = $this->buildHandler(provisioner: $provisioner);
+        $handler($this->command());
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itCreatesAdminUser(): void
+    {
+        $userRepository = new InMemoryUserRepository();
+
+        $handler = $this->buildHandler(userRepository: $userRepository);
+        $handler($this->command());
+
+        $users = $userRepository->findAllByTenant(TenantId::fromString(self::TENANT_ID));
+        self::assertCount(1, $users);
+        self::assertSame('admin@ecole-gamma.fr', (string) $users[0]->email);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itDispatchesInvitationEvent(): void
+    {
+        $dispatched = [];
+        $eventBus = $this->spyEventBus($dispatched);
+
+        $handler = $this->buildHandler(eventBus: $eventBus);
+        $handler($this->command());
+
+        self::assertNotEmpty($dispatched);
+        self::assertInstanceOf(UtilisateurInvite::class, $dispatched[0]);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itActivatesEstablishmentAfterProvisioning(): void
+    {
+        $establishmentRepo = $this->establishmentRepoWithProvisioningEstablishment();
+
+        $handler = $this->buildHandler(establishmentRepository: $establishmentRepo);
+        $handler($this->command());
+
+        $establishment = $establishmentRepo->get(
+            EstablishmentId::fromString(self::ESTABLISHMENT_ID),
+        );
+        self::assertSame(EstablishmentStatus::ACTIF, $establishment->status);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itIsIdempotentWhenAdminAlreadyExists(): void
+    {
+        $userRepository = new InMemoryUserRepository();
+        $dispatched = [];
+        $eventBus = $this->spyEventBus($dispatched);
+
+        $handler = $this->buildHandler(userRepository: $userRepository, eventBus: $eventBus);
+
+        // First call creates the admin
+        $handler($this->command());
+        self::assertCount(1, $dispatched);
+        self::assertInstanceOf(UtilisateurInvite::class, $dispatched[0]);
+
+        // Second call is idempotent — re-sends invitation
+        $dispatched = [];
+        $handler($this->command());
+        self::assertCount(1, $dispatched);
+        self::assertInstanceOf(InvitationRenvoyee::class, $dispatched[0]);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itSwitchesDatabaseAndRestores(): void
+    {
+        $switcher = new SpyDatabaseSwitcher();
+
+        $handler = $this->buildHandler(databaseSwitcher: $switcher);
+        $handler($this->command());
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $switcher->switchedTo);
+        self::assertStringContainsString('classeo_tenant_abc123', $switcher->switchedTo[0]);
+        self::assertTrue($switcher->restoredToDefault);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itPreservesQueryParametersInDatabaseUrl(): void
+    {
+        $switcher = new SpyDatabaseSwitcher();
+
+        $handler = $this->buildHandler(databaseSwitcher: $switcher);
+        $handler($this->command());
+
+        self::assertStringContainsString('?serverVersion=18', $switcher->switchedTo[0]);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function itRestoresDatabaseEvenOnFailure(): void
+    {
+        $switcher = new SpyDatabaseSwitcher();
+
+        $eventBus = $this->createMock(MessageBusInterface::class);
+        $eventBus->method('dispatch')
+            ->willThrowException(new RuntimeException('Event bus failure'));
+
+        $handler = $this->buildHandler(databaseSwitcher: $switcher, eventBus: $eventBus);
+
+        try {
+            $handler($this->command());
+        } catch (RuntimeException) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        self::assertTrue($switcher->restoredToDefault);
+    }
+
+    private function command(): ProvisionEstablishmentCommand
+    {
+        return new ProvisionEstablishmentCommand(
+            establishmentId: self::ESTABLISHMENT_ID,
+            establishmentTenantId: self::TENANT_ID,
+            databaseName: 'classeo_tenant_abc123',
+            subdomain: 'ecole-gamma',
+            adminEmail: 'admin@ecole-gamma.fr',
+            establishmentName: 'École Gamma',
+        );
+    }
+
+    private function establishmentRepoWithProvisioningEstablishment(): InMemoryEstablishmentRepository
+    {
+        $repo = new InMemoryEstablishmentRepository();
+        $establishment = Establishment::reconstitute(
+            id: EstablishmentId::fromString(self::ESTABLISHMENT_ID),
+            tenantId: TenantId::fromString(self::TENANT_ID),
+            name: 'École Gamma',
+            subdomain: 'ecole-gamma',
+            databaseName: 'classeo_tenant_abc123',
+            status: EstablishmentStatus::PROVISIONING,
+            createdAt: new DateTimeImmutable('2026-04-07 10:00:00'),
+            createdBy: SuperAdminId::fromString('550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440002'),
+        );
+        $repo->save($establishment);
+
+        return $repo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param object[] $dispatched
+     */
+    private function spyEventBus(array &$dispatched): MessageBusInterface
+    {
+        $eventBus = $this->createMock(MessageBusInterface::class);
+        $eventBus->method('dispatch')
+            ->willReturnCallback(static function (object $message) use (&$dispatched): Envelope {
+                $dispatched[] = $message;
+
+                return new Envelope($message);
+            });
+
+        return $eventBus;
+    }
+
+    private function buildHandler(
+        ?TenantProvisioner $provisioner = null,
+        ?InMemoryUserRepository $userRepository = null,
+        ?SpyDatabaseSwitcher $databaseSwitcher = null,
+        ?InMemoryEstablishmentRepository $establishmentRepository = null,
+        ?MessageBusInterface $eventBus = null,
+    ): ProvisionEstablishmentHandler {
+        $provisioner ??= $this->createMock(TenantProvisioner::class);
+
+        $clock = new class implements Clock {
+            public function now(): DateTimeImmutable
+            {
+                return new DateTimeImmutable('2026-04-07 10:00:00');
+            }
+        };
+
+        $userRepository ??= new InMemoryUserRepository();
+
+        $databaseSwitcher ??= new SpyDatabaseSwitcher();
+
+        $establishmentRepository ??= $this->establishmentRepoWithProvisioningEstablishment();
+
+        $eventBus ??= $this->createMock(MessageBusInterface::class);
+        $eventBus->method('dispatch')
+            ->willReturnCallback(static fn (object $m): Envelope => new Envelope($m));
+
+        return new ProvisionEstablishmentHandler(
+            tenantProvisioner: $provisioner,
+            inviteUserHandler: new InviteUserHandler($userRepository, $clock),
+            userRepository: $userRepository,
+            clock: $clock,
+            databaseSwitcher: $databaseSwitcher,
+            establishmentRepository: $establishmentRepository,
+            eventBus: $eventBus,
+            logger: new NullLogger(),
+            masterDatabaseUrl: self::MASTER_URL,
+        );
+    }
+}
--- a/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/ProvisioningIntegrationTest.php
+++ b/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/ProvisioningIntegrationTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Tests\Unit\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning;
+
+use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Post;
+use App\Administration\Application\Command\InviteUser\InviteUserHandler;
+use App\Administration\Domain\Event\UtilisateurInvite;
+use App\Administration\Domain\Model\User\Role;
+use App\Administration\Infrastructure\Persistence\InMemory\InMemoryUserRepository;
+use App\Shared\Domain\Clock;
+use App\Shared\Domain\Tenant\TenantId;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Application\Command\CreateEstablishment\CreateEstablishmentHandler;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Application\Command\ProvisionEstablishment\ProvisionEstablishmentCommand;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Application\Port\TenantProvisioner;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Domain\Model\Establishment\EstablishmentStatus;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Domain\Model\SuperAdmin\SuperAdminId;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Api\Processor\CreateEstablishmentProcessor;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Api\Resource\EstablishmentResource;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Persistence\InMemory\InMemoryEstablishmentRepository;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning\ProvisionEstablishmentHandler;
+use App\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Security\SecuritySuperAdmin;
+use DateTimeImmutable;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use Psr\Log\NullLogger;
+use Symfony\Bundle\SecurityBundle\Security;
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Envelope;
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\MessageBusInterface;
+
+/**
+ * Integration tests: verify the full provisioning flow from API request
+ * through establishment creation to async provisioning and admin user creation.
+ *
+ * Split into focused tests that each verify one aspect of the flow.
+ */
+final class ProvisioningIntegrationTest extends TestCase
+{
+    private const string SUPER_ADMIN_ID = '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440001';
+    private const string MASTER_URL = 'postgresql://classeo:secret@db:5432/classeo_master';
+
+    private InMemoryEstablishmentRepository $establishmentRepository;
+    private InMemoryUserRepository $userRepository;
+    private ?ProvisionEstablishmentCommand $provisionCommand;
+    /** @var object[] */
+    private array $dispatchedEvents;
+
+    private function runFullFlow(): void
+    {
+        $clock = new class implements Clock {
+            public function now(): DateTimeImmutable
+            {
+                return new DateTimeImmutable('2026-04-07 10:00:00');
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Phase 1: API processor creates establishment
+        $this->establishmentRepository = new InMemoryEstablishmentRepository();
+        $createHandler = new CreateEstablishmentHandler($this->establishmentRepository, $clock);
+
+        $security = $this->createMock(Security::class);
+        $security->method('getUser')->willReturn(new SecuritySuperAdmin(
+            SuperAdminId::fromString(self::SUPER_ADMIN_ID),
+            'superadmin@classeo.fr',
+            'hashed',
+        ));
+
+        $this->provisionCommand = null;
+        $commandBus = $this->createMock(MessageBusInterface::class);
+        $commandBus->method('dispatch')
+            ->willReturnCallback(function (object $message): Envelope {
+                if ($message instanceof ProvisionEstablishmentCommand) {
+                    $this->provisionCommand = $message;
+                }
+
+                return new Envelope($message);
+            });
+
+        $processor = new CreateEstablishmentProcessor($createHandler, $security, $commandBus);
+
+        $input = new EstablishmentResource();
+        $input->name = 'École Test';
+        $input->subdomain = 'ecole-test';
+        $input->adminEmail = 'admin@ecole-test.fr';
+
+        $processor->process($input, new Post());
+
+        // Phase 2: Provisioning handler processes the command
+        self::assertNotNull($this->provisionCommand);
+
+        $this->userRepository = new InMemoryUserRepository();
+        $this->dispatchedEvents = [];
+
+        $eventBus = $this->createMock(MessageBusInterface::class);
+        $eventBus->method('dispatch')
+            ->willReturnCallback(function (object $message): Envelope {
+                $this->dispatchedEvents[] = $message;
+
+                return new Envelope($message);
+            });
+
+        $provisioner = $this->createMock(TenantProvisioner::class);
+
+        $switcher = new SpyDatabaseSwitcher();
+
+        $provisionHandler = new ProvisionEstablishmentHandler(
+            tenantProvisioner: $provisioner,
+            inviteUserHandler: new InviteUserHandler($this->userRepository, $clock),
+            userRepository: $this->userRepository,
+            clock: $clock,
+            databaseSwitcher: $switcher,
+            establishmentRepository: $this->establishmentRepository,
+            eventBus: $eventBus,
+            logger: new NullLogger(),
+            masterDatabaseUrl: self::MASTER_URL,
+        );
+
+        $provisionHandler($this->provisionCommand);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function processorCreatesEstablishmentInProvisioningStatus(): void
+    {
+        $this->runFullFlow();
+
+        $establishments = $this->establishmentRepository->findAll();
+        self::assertCount(1, $establishments);
+        self::assertSame('École Test', $establishments[0]->name);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function processorDispatchesProvisioningCommandWithAdminEmail(): void
+    {
+        $this->runFullFlow();
+
+        self::assertNotNull($this->provisionCommand);
+        self::assertSame('admin@ecole-test.fr', $this->provisionCommand->adminEmail);
+        self::assertSame('ecole-test', $this->provisionCommand->subdomain);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function provisioningCreatesAdminUserWithCorrectRole(): void
+    {
+        $this->runFullFlow();
+
+        $users = $this->userRepository->findAllByTenant(
+            TenantId::fromString($this->provisionCommand->establishmentTenantId),
+        );
+        self::assertCount(1, $users);
+        self::assertSame('admin@ecole-test.fr', (string) $users[0]->email);
+        self::assertSame(Role::ADMIN, $users[0]->role);
+    }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function provisioningActivatesEstablishmentAndDispatchesEvent(): void
+    {
+        $this->runFullFlow();
+
+        $establishments = $this->establishmentRepository->findAll();
+        self::assertSame(EstablishmentStatus::ACTIF, $establishments[0]->status);
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $this->dispatchedEvents);
+        self::assertInstanceOf(UtilisateurInvite::class, $this->dispatchedEvents[0]);
+    }
+}
--- a/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/SpyDatabaseSwitcher.php
+++ b/backend/tests/Unit/SuperAdmin/Infrastructure/Provisioning/SpyDatabaseSwitcher.php
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Tests\Unit\SuperAdmin\Infrastructure\Provisioning;
+
+use App\Shared\Infrastructure\Tenant\TenantDatabaseSwitcher;
+
+/**
+ * Test double that records database switching operations.
+ */
+final class SpyDatabaseSwitcher implements TenantDatabaseSwitcher
+{
+    /** @var string[] */
+    public array $switchedTo = [];
+    public bool $restoredToDefault = false;
+
+    public function useTenantDatabase(string $databaseUrl): void
+    {
+        $this->switchedTo[] = $databaseUrl;
+    }
+
+    public function useDefaultDatabase(): void
+    {
+        $this->restoredToDefault = true;
+    }
+
+    public function currentDatabaseUrl(): ?string
+    {
+        return null;
+    }
+}
--- a/deploy/vps/Caddyfile
+++ b/deploy/vps/Caddyfile
@@ -1,6 +1,16 @@
-{$APP_DOMAIN} {
+# Domaine principal et sous-domaines wildcard (multi-tenant)
+# Caddy provisionne automatiquement les certificats TLS via Let's Encrypt.
+# Le wildcard nécessite un DNS challenge : configurer CADDY_DNS_PROVIDER
+# et les credentials DNS dans les variables d'environnement.
+
+{$APP_DOMAIN}, *.{$APP_DOMAIN} {
    encode zstd gzip

+    # Le certificat wildcard nécessite un DNS challenge
+    tls {
+        dns {$CADDY_DNS_PROVIDER:cloudflare} {$CADDY_DNS_API_TOKEN}
+    }
+
    handle /api/* {
        reverse_proxy php:8000
    }
--- a/frontend/e2e/role-assignment.spec.ts
+++ b/frontend/e2e/role-assignment.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
+import { execSync } from 'child_process';
+import { join, dirname } from 'path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'url';
+
+const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const __dirname = dirname(__filename);
+
+const baseUrl = process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:4173';
+const urlMatch = baseUrl.match(/:(\d+)$/);
+const PORT = urlMatch ? urlMatch[1] : '4173';
+const ALPHA_URL = `http://ecole-alpha.classeo.local:${PORT}`;
+
+const ADMIN_EMAIL = 'e2e-roles-admin@example.com';
+const ADMIN_PASSWORD = 'RolesAdmin123';
+const TARGET_EMAIL = `e2e-roles-target-${Date.now()}@example.com`;
+const TARGET_PASSWORD = 'RolesTarget123';
+
+test.describe('Multi-Role Assignment (FR5) [P2]', () => {
+	test.describe.configure({ mode: 'serial' });
+
+	test.beforeAll(async () => {
+		const projectRoot = join(__dirname, '../..');
+		const composeFile = join(projectRoot, 'compose.yaml');
+
+		// Create admin user
+		execSync(
+			`docker compose -f "${composeFile}" exec -T php php bin/console app:dev:create-test-user --tenant=ecole-alpha --email=${ADMIN_EMAIL} --password=${ADMIN_PASSWORD} --role=ROLE_ADMIN 2>&1`,
+			{ encoding: 'utf-8' }
+		);
+
+		// Create target user with single role (PROF)
+		execSync(
+			`docker compose -f "${composeFile}" exec -T php php bin/console app:dev:create-test-user --tenant=ecole-alpha --email=${TARGET_EMAIL} --password=${TARGET_PASSWORD} --role=ROLE_PROF 2>&1`,
+			{ encoding: 'utf-8' }
+		);
+	});
+
+	async function loginAsAdmin(page: import('@playwright/test').Page) {
+		await page.goto(`${ALPHA_URL}/login`);
+		await page.locator('#email').fill(ADMIN_EMAIL);
+		await page.locator('#password').fill(ADMIN_PASSWORD);
+		await Promise.all([
+			page.waitForURL(/\/dashboard/, { timeout: 60000 }),
+			page.getByRole('button', { name: /se connecter/i }).click()
+		]);
+	}
+
+	async function openRolesModalForTarget(page: import('@playwright/test').Page) {
+		await page.goto(`${ALPHA_URL}/admin/users`);
+		await expect(page.locator('.users-table')).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10000 });
+
+		// Search for the target user (paginated list may not show them on page 1)
+		await page.getByRole('searchbox').fill(TARGET_EMAIL);
+		await page.waitForTimeout(500); // debounce
+
+		// Find the target user row and click "Rôles" button
+		const targetRow = page.locator('tr', { has: page.locator(`text=${TARGET_EMAIL}`) });
+		await expect(targetRow).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10000 });
+		await targetRow.getByRole('button', { name: 'Rôles' }).click();
+
+		// Modal should appear
+		await expect(page.getByRole('dialog')).toBeVisible();
+		await expect(page.locator('#roles-modal-title')).toHaveText('Modifier les rôles');
+	}
+
+	test('[P2] admin can open role modal showing current roles', async ({ page }) => {
+		await loginAsAdmin(page);
+		await openRolesModalForTarget(page);
+
+		// Target user email should be displayed in modal
+		await expect(page.locator('.roles-modal-user')).toContainText(TARGET_EMAIL);
+
+		// ROLE_PROF should be checked (current role)
+		const profCheckbox = page.locator('.role-checkbox-label', { hasText: 'Enseignant' }).locator('input[type="checkbox"]');
+		await expect(profCheckbox).toBeChecked();
+
+		// Other roles should be unchecked
+		const adminCheckbox = page.locator('.role-checkbox-label', { hasText: 'Directeur' }).locator('input[type="checkbox"]');
+		await expect(adminCheckbox).not.toBeChecked();
+	});
+
+	test('[P2] admin can assign multiple roles to a user', async ({ page }) => {
+		await loginAsAdmin(page);
+		await openRolesModalForTarget(page);
+
+		// Add Vie Scolaire role in addition to PROF
+		const vieScolaireLabel = page.locator('.role-checkbox-label', { hasText: 'Vie Scolaire' });
+		await vieScolaireLabel.locator('input[type="checkbox"]').check();
+
+		// Both should now be checked
+		const profCheckbox = page.locator('.role-checkbox-label', { hasText: 'Enseignant' }).locator('input[type="checkbox"]');
+		await expect(profCheckbox).toBeChecked();
+		await expect(vieScolaireLabel.locator('input[type="checkbox"]')).toBeChecked();
+
+		// Save
+		const saveResponsePromise = page.waitForResponse(
+			(resp) => resp.url().includes('/roles') && resp.request().method() === 'PUT'
+		);
+		await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Enregistrer' }).click();
+		const saveResponse = await saveResponsePromise;
+		expect(saveResponse.status()).toBeLessThan(400);
+
+		// Success message should appear
+		await expect(page.locator('.alert-success')).toContainText(/rôles.*mis à jour/i, { timeout: 5000 });
+	});
+
+	test('[P2] assigned roles persist after page reload', async ({ page }) => {
+		await loginAsAdmin(page);
+		await openRolesModalForTarget(page);
+
+		// Both PROF and VIE_SCOLAIRE should still be checked after reload
+		const profCheckbox = page.locator('.role-checkbox-label', { hasText: 'Enseignant' }).locator('input[type="checkbox"]');
+		const vieScolaireCheckbox = page.locator('.role-checkbox-label', { hasText: 'Vie Scolaire' }).locator('input[type="checkbox"]');
+
+		await expect(profCheckbox).toBeChecked();
+		await expect(vieScolaireCheckbox).toBeChecked();
+	});
+
+	test('[P2] admin can remove a role while keeping at least one', async ({ page }) => {
+		await loginAsAdmin(page);
+		await openRolesModalForTarget(page);
+
+		// Uncheck Vie Scolaire (added in previous test)
+		const vieScolaireCheckbox = page.locator('.role-checkbox-label', { hasText: 'Vie Scolaire' }).locator('input[type="checkbox"]');
+		await vieScolaireCheckbox.uncheck();
+
+		// PROF should still be checked
+		const profCheckbox = page.locator('.role-checkbox-label', { hasText: 'Enseignant' }).locator('input[type="checkbox"]');
+		await expect(profCheckbox).toBeChecked();
+		await expect(vieScolaireCheckbox).not.toBeChecked();
+
+		// Save
+		const saveResponsePromise = page.waitForResponse(
+			(resp) => resp.url().includes('/roles') && resp.request().method() === 'PUT'
+		);
+		await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Enregistrer' }).click();
+		await saveResponsePromise;
+
+		await expect(page.locator('.alert-success')).toContainText(/rôles.*mis à jour/i, { timeout: 5000 });
+	});
+
+	test('[P2] last role checkbox is disabled to prevent removal', async ({ page }) => {
+		await loginAsAdmin(page);
+		await openRolesModalForTarget(page);
+
+		// Only PROF should be checked now (after previous test removed VIE_SCOLAIRE)
+		const profCheckbox = page.locator('.role-checkbox-label', { hasText: 'Enseignant' }).locator('input[type="checkbox"]');
+		await expect(profCheckbox).toBeChecked();
+
+		// Last role checkbox should be disabled
+		await expect(profCheckbox).toBeDisabled();
+
+		// "(dernier rôle)" hint should be visible
+		await expect(
+			page.locator('.role-checkbox-label', { hasText: 'Enseignant' }).locator('.role-checkbox-hint')
+		).toContainText('dernier rôle');
+	});
+
+	test('[P2] role modal can be closed with Escape', async ({ page }) => {
+		await loginAsAdmin(page);
+		await openRolesModalForTarget(page);
+
+		await page.getByRole('dialog').press('Escape');
+		await expect(page.getByRole('dialog')).not.toBeVisible();
+	});
+});
--- a/frontend/e2e/super-admin-provisioning.spec.ts
+++ b/frontend/e2e/super-admin-provisioning.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
+import { execSync } from 'child_process';
+import { join, dirname } from 'path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'url';
+
+const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const __dirname = dirname(__filename);
+
+const projectRoot = join(__dirname, '../..');
+const composeFile = join(projectRoot, 'compose.yaml');
+
+const baseUrl = process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:4173';
+const urlMatch = baseUrl.match(/:(\d+)$/);
+const PORT = urlMatch ? urlMatch[1] : '4173';
+const ALPHA_URL = `http://ecole-alpha.classeo.local:${PORT}`;
+
+const SA_PASSWORD = 'SuperAdmin123';
+const UNIQUE_SUFFIX = Date.now();
+
+function getSuperAdminEmail(browserName: string): string {
+	return `e2e-prov-sa-${browserName}@test.com`;
+}
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line no-empty-pattern
+test.beforeAll(async ({}, testInfo) => {
+	const browserName = testInfo.project.name;
+	const saEmail = getSuperAdminEmail(browserName);
+
+	try {
+		execSync(
+			`docker compose -f "${composeFile}" exec -T php php bin/console app:dev:create-test-super-admin --email=${saEmail} --password=${SA_PASSWORD} 2>&1`,
+			{ encoding: 'utf-8' }
+		);
+	} catch (error) {
+		console.error(`[${browserName}] Failed to create super admin:`, error);
+	}
+});
+
+async function loginAsSuperAdmin(
+	page: import('@playwright/test').Page,
+	email: string
+) {
+	await page.goto(`${ALPHA_URL}/login`);
+	await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: /connexion/i })).toBeVisible();
+
+	await page.locator('#email').fill(email);
+	await page.locator('#password').fill(SA_PASSWORD);
+
+	const submitButton = page.getByRole('button', { name: /se connecter/i });
+	await Promise.all([
+		page.waitForURL('**/super-admin/dashboard', { timeout: 30000 }),
+		submitButton.click()
+	]);
+}
+
+async function navigateToEstablishments(page: import('@playwright/test').Page) {
+	const link = page.getByRole('link', { name: /établissements/i });
+	await Promise.all([
+		page.waitForURL('**/super-admin/establishments', { timeout: 10000 }),
+		link.click()
+	]);
+	await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: /établissements/i })).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10000 });
+}
+
+async function navigateToCreateForm(page: import('@playwright/test').Page) {
+	const newLink = page.getByRole('link', { name: /nouvel établissement/i });
+	await expect(newLink).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10000 });
+	await Promise.all([
+		page.waitForURL('**/super-admin/establishments/new', { timeout: 10000 }),
+		newLink.click()
+	]);
+	await expect(page.locator('#name')).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10000 });
+}
+
+test.describe('Establishment Provisioning (Story 2-17) [P1]', () => {
+	test.describe.configure({ mode: 'serial' });
+
+	test.describe('Subdomain Auto-generation', () => {
+		test('[P1] typing name auto-generates subdomain', async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
+			const email = getSuperAdminEmail(testInfo.project.name);
+			await loginAsSuperAdmin(page, email);
+			await navigateToEstablishments(page);
+			await navigateToCreateForm(page);
+
+			await page.locator('#name').fill('École Saint-Exupéry');
+
+			// Subdomain should be auto-generated: accents removed, spaces→hyphens, lowercase
+			await expect(page.locator('#subdomain')).toHaveValue('ecole-saint-exupery');
+		});
+
+		test('[P2] subdomain suffix .classeo.fr is displayed', async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
+			const email = getSuperAdminEmail(testInfo.project.name);
+			await loginAsSuperAdmin(page, email);
+			await navigateToEstablishments(page);
+			await navigateToCreateForm(page);
+
+			await expect(page.locator('.subdomain-suffix')).toHaveText('.classeo.fr');
+		});
+	});
+
+	test.describe('Create Establishment Flow', () => {
+		const establishmentName = `E2E Test ${UNIQUE_SUFFIX}`;
+		const adminEmailForEstab = `admin-prov-${UNIQUE_SUFFIX}@test.com`;
+
+		test('[P1] submitting form creates establishment and redirects to list', async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
+			const email = getSuperAdminEmail(testInfo.project.name);
+			await loginAsSuperAdmin(page, email);
+			await navigateToEstablishments(page);
+			await navigateToCreateForm(page);
+
+			// Fill in the form
+			await page.locator('#name').fill(establishmentName);
+			await page.locator('#adminEmail').fill(adminEmailForEstab);
+
+			// Subdomain should be auto-generated
+			const subdomain = await page.locator('#subdomain').inputValue();
+			expect(subdomain.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+			// Submit
+			const submitButton = page.getByRole('button', { name: /créer l'établissement/i });
+			await expect(submitButton).toBeEnabled();
+
+			const apiResponsePromise = page.waitForResponse(
+				(resp) => resp.url().includes('/super-admin/establishments') && resp.request().method() === 'POST'
+			);
+
+			await submitButton.click();
+
+			// Verify API returns establishment in provisioning status
+			const apiResponse = await apiResponsePromise;
+			expect(apiResponse.status()).toBeLessThan(400);
+			const body = await apiResponse.json();
+			expect(body.status).toBe('provisioning');
+
+			// Should redirect back to establishments list
+			await page.waitForURL('**/super-admin/establishments', { timeout: 15000 });
+			await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: /établissements/i })).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10000 });
+		});
+
+		test('[P1] created establishment appears in the list', async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
+			const email = getSuperAdminEmail(testInfo.project.name);
+			await loginAsSuperAdmin(page, email);
+			await navigateToEstablishments(page);
+
+			// The establishment created in previous test should be visible
+			await expect(page.locator('table')).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10000 });
+			await expect(page.locator('td', { hasText: establishmentName })).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10000 });
+		});
+
+		test('[P1] created establishment has a visible status badge', async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
+			const email = getSuperAdminEmail(testInfo.project.name);
+			await loginAsSuperAdmin(page, email);
+			await navigateToEstablishments(page);
+
+			// Find the row for our establishment
+			const row = page.locator('tr', { has: page.locator(`text=${establishmentName}`) });
+			await expect(row).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10000 });
+
+			// Status badge should be visible (provisioning status already verified via API response in creation test)
+			const badge = row.locator('.badge');
+			await expect(badge).toBeVisible();
+			await expect(badge).not.toHaveText('');
+		});
+	});
+
+	test.describe('Form Validation', () => {
+		test('[P2] submit button disabled with empty fields', async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
+			const email = getSuperAdminEmail(testInfo.project.name);
+			await loginAsSuperAdmin(page, email);
+			await navigateToEstablishments(page);
+			await navigateToCreateForm(page);
+
+			const submitButton = page.getByRole('button', { name: /créer l'établissement/i });
+			await expect(submitButton).toBeDisabled();
+		});
+
+		test('[P2] submit button enabled when all fields filled', async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
+			const email = getSuperAdminEmail(testInfo.project.name);
+			await loginAsSuperAdmin(page, email);
+			await navigateToEstablishments(page);
+			await navigateToCreateForm(page);
+
+			await page.locator('#name').fill('Test School');
+			await page.locator('#adminEmail').fill('admin@test.com');
+
+			const submitButton = page.getByRole('button', { name: /créer l'établissement/i });
+			await expect(submitButton).toBeEnabled();
+		});
+
+		test('[P2] cancel button returns to establishments list', async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
+			const email = getSuperAdminEmail(testInfo.project.name);
+			await loginAsSuperAdmin(page, email);
+			await navigateToEstablishments(page);
+			await navigateToCreateForm(page);
+
+			const cancelLink = page.getByRole('link', { name: /annuler/i });
+			await Promise.all([
+				page.waitForURL('**/super-admin/establishments', { timeout: 10000 }),
+				cancelLink.click()
+			]);
+
+			await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: /établissements/i })).toBeVisible();
+		});
+	});
+});
--- a/frontend/src/routes/super-admin/establishments/+page.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/routes/super-admin/establishments/+page.svelte
@@ -71,8 +71,16 @@
 							</td>
 							<td class="subdomain-cell">{establishment.subdomain}</td>
 							<td>
-								<span class="badge" class:active={establishment.status === 'active'}>
-									{establishment.status === 'active' ? 'Actif' : 'Inactif'}
+								<span
+										class="badge"
+										class:active={establishment.status === 'active'}
+										class:provisioning={establishment.status === 'provisioning'}
+									>
+									{establishment.status === 'active'
+										? 'Actif'
+										: establishment.status === 'provisioning'
+											? 'Provisioning…'
+											: 'Inactif'}
 								</span>
 							</td>
 							<td class="date-cell">
@@ -207,6 +215,11 @@
 		color: #16a34a;
 	}

+	.badge.provisioning {
+		background: #fef3c7;
+		color: #d97706;
+	}
+
 	.actions-cell {
 		white-space: nowrap;
 	}